Description
Hasselblad Natural Color Solution
Mavic 3 features the Hasselblad Natural Colour Solution (HNCS), which is the result of decades of photographic experience. This ensures vividly accurate natural colors that look spectacular even without presets or editing in post.
No Need for Post-Processing
Relying on complex post-processing has never been part of Hasselblad’s philosophy. Starting from the pixel level of the sensors, the Hasselblad Natural Color Solution (HNCS) ensures natural and highly accurate colors are captured, no matter where you’re shooting.
Pixel-Level Calibration
To ensure Mavic 3 captures color with the same iconic quality as other Hasselblad cameras do, the L2D-20c lens adopts the same rigorous standards, with every pixel of the sensor calibrated with the HNCS embedded.
Accurate Colors
During shooting, RGB color data obtained by the sensor will be converted through Hasselblad’s unique image processing algorithm and color processing mode, delivering the best possible natural colors in any scene.
Create professional imagery with the Hasselblad L2D-20c camera system.
Higher dynamic range allows for more natural transitions between highlights and shadows, preserving rich visual information with a greater sense of depth.
A larger sensor size keeps images clean in low light.
Professional Video Specifications
- 1K Video Recording
- DCI 4K/120fps
- Apple ProRes 422 HQ [1]
- 10-bit D-Log Color Profile
Mavic 3 uses its professional imaging performance to record aerial videos at high resolutions and frame rates. Its camera also captures up to one billion colors thanks to a 10-bit D-Log color profile, offering natural color gradations and advanced flexibility in post-production.
Mavic 3 Cine supports Apple ProRes 422 HQ encoding with a maximum data rate of 3,772 Mbps. [1] It also supports a built-in 1TB SSD and 10Gbps lightspeed data cable to further facilitate professional filming, editing, and creation.
TELE CAMERA
Explore Mode
A unique tele camera makes Explore mode the perfect way to scout and plan your shots: 28x Hybrid Zoom, 162mm, f/4.4. When scenes or subjects are far away, use the tele camera to zoom in and save time. You can even use it to record subjects from a distance without disturbing the scene.
Flight Safety
Omnidirectional Obstacle Sensing
The advanced safety features of Mavic 3 let you spend more of your time focused on getting the perfect shot. Multiple wide-angle vision sensors work seamlessly with a high-performance vision computing engine to sense obstacles in all directions precisely and plan safe flight routes to avoid them.
Advanced RTH
Finish any flight on a high note with Advanced RTH, which allows Mavic 3 to automatically determine the optimal route back to its home point and complete a safe return flight on its own. Whether activated by the user or triggered by signal loss, Mavic 3 can easily return to the home point.
Enjoy the Flight
APAS 5.0
Mavic 3 also makes flight more fun with recording that is no longer interrupted by obstacles along the way. When flying, Mavic 3 continually senses objects in all directions and bypasses them smoothly and quickly.
Enjoy your flight without concern of collision, even when flying in complicated environments. Record smooth footage even when encountering obstacles.
Upgraded Performance
46 Minutes: Extended Flight Time
15 km: Video Transmission Range [2]
1080p/60fps: FHD High-Frame-Rate Live Feed
4G Transmission: Enabled with the DJI Cellular Transmission Dongle
Precision Positioning: Highly Accurate Positioning Technology
Extended Flight Time
Execute every step from route planning to composition and even record a hyperlapse video, all during a single flight. Mavic 3’s wind resistance is 50% stronger than its predecessor, using a more efficient propulsion system and a high-capacity battery to extend the flight time to an incredible 46 minutes.
Fly Farther, See More
With a 15km transmission range, Mavic 3 not only flies farther, it also transmits signals with higher stability and less video lag, offering you greater peace of mind during flight.
FHD High-Frame-Rate Transmission with Smooth Live Feed
Mavic 3 is the first the first DJI drone that can transmit a 1080p/60fps live feed. This means the camera view is displayed at a resolution close to what the camera actually records. It also makes Mavic 3 more responsive to your control.
A New Layer of Flight Safety: DJI Cellular Transmission Dongle
With the Cellular Transmission Dongle attached, Mavic 3 can switch to 4G networks for smooth, stable connection when O3+ signals are blocked by buildings, trees, or other structures. During flight, the O3+ transmission system coordinates with 4G transmission, switching seamlessly to ensure an uninterrupted shooting experience.
High-Precision Positioning
High-precision positioning makes Mavic 3 unbelievably stable during hovering. This ensures photos are crystal clear, improves long-exposure shots, and helps you capture smoother timelapse and hyperlapse videos.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
- Waypoints 3.0
- ActiveTrack 5.0
- MasterShots
- Wi-Fi 6 QuickTransfer
- 100MP Pano
- Trimmed Download
Accessories Worthy of a Flagship Drone
- DJI RC Pro: With a 1,000-nit display, high-performance processor, and a 15km max video transmission range, DJI RC Pro is an unmatched option for professional creation.
- DJI Convertible Carrying Bag
- DJI 10Gbps Lightspeed Data Cable
- DJI 65W Portable Charger
- 8 ND Filters
- DJI Mavic 3 Storage Cover
- DJI Mavic 3 Wide-Angle Lens
- DJI Cellular Transmission Dongle
MAVIC 3 FAQs:
| Compared with DJI Mavic 2, what major upgrades does the Mavic 3 Series have? | DJI Mavic 3 is DJI’s latest flagship consumer drone. Compared with Mavic 2, Mavic 3 has substantially upgraded camera performance, integrating a Hasselblad 4/3 CMOS and a lightweight 24mm equivalent lens. Mavic 3 is capable of capturing 5.1K/50fps and 4K/120fps videos, and Mavic 3 Cine even supports Apple ProRes 422 HQ coding, offering higher image quality and greater flexibility during post-processing. In addition to the camera system, Mavic 3 also delivers a comprehensively upgraded flight experience. Flight time has been extended to 46 minutes, and thanks to the new O3+ technology, video transmission can reach up to 15 km. Obstacle sensing has developed into a truly omnidirectional system, with a more powerful APAS 5.0 and Advanced RTH to give users greater peace of mind during flight. |
| What app is required for using DJI Mavic 3 Series? | The DJI Fly App |
| How many versions does the DJI Mavic 3 Series have and what are the differences between them? | DJI Mavic 3 comes in two versions: DJI Mavic 3 and DJI Mavic 3 Cine. Compared with the Mavic 3, DJI Mavic 3 Cine supports Apple ProRes 422 HQ and comes with a built-in 1TB SSD for high-speed data storage. |
| Does the DJI Mavic 3 Cine support the DJI RC-N1 Remote Controller? | Yes. |
| Does the DJI Mavic 3 Series support the DJI Goggles Series or the DJI Motion Controller? | These products are not currently supported. Be sure to check future firmware updates for any changes. |
| What is the most efficient way to export files from the built-in SSD of DJI Mavic 3 Cine? | Use the DJI 10Gbps Lightspeed Data Cable in the box to connect the aircraft with your PC via the USB-C port. Other data cables are not recommended since they may take longer to transfer files as high-speed transmission may not be supported. |
| What is the transmission range of the DJI Mavic 3 Series? | When using the DJI RC Pro or DJI RC-N1 Remote Controller, the transmission range can reach up to 15 km. |
| How can I set the video transmission feed to 60fps? | Once video recording is set to 60fps or above at any resolution, the video transmission live feed frame rate will automatically switch to 60fps. |
| Does the DJI Mavic 3 Series support dual remote control? | No. |
| Were there any upgrades to the propellers used on the DJI Mavic 3 Series? | The propeller structure adopts a new design, with the edges made of a softer material. This reduces risk and noise for a safer, quieter flight. |
| How do I attach the DJI Mavic 3 Series propellers correctly? | Attach the propellers with gray markings on the motors with the same markings, and attach the other two without gray markings on the corresponding motors. The DJI Fly app will also send a prompt before takeoff. |
| Compared with the previous generation, what upgrades does the sensing system on DJI Mavic 3 have? | The Mavic 3 Series can detect obstacles in all directions with extreme precision. Multiple sensing cameras with a wider range of detection help Mavic 3 respond to obstacles earlier. In a well-lit environment, Mavic 3 can avoid obstacles faster and more smoothly, capturing stable footage safely even when flying laterally or backward. |
| What improvements does ActiveTrack 5.0 have compared with the previous version? | ActiveTrack 5.0 tracks subjects whether the aircraft is moving forward, backward, left, or right. Embedded with the newest subject recognition technology, ActiveTrack 5.0 uses multiple vision sensors simultaneously to recognize a subject, differentiate it from other objects, and lock the subject in frame. Relying on this technology, Mavic 3 is able to track in all directions and adjust tracking angles smoothly for more natural results. Thanks to new environment and subject sensing algorithms, Mavic 3 responds earlier to subject movements and environment information and plans a more optimum tracking route in advance. Tracking and recording has never been this smooth and stable. |
| What improvements does Advanced RTH have compared with the previous version? | Compared to the 20 meters of its predecessor, the DJI Mavic 3 Series has a maximum forward-sensing distance of 200 meters during RTH. During flight, Mavic 3 will 3D model the surrounding environment in real time. When Advanced RTH is triggered, Mavic 3 will use this map to determine the safest, most energy-efficient flight route to return the drone to its home point. |
| Are there any upgrades to QuickTransfer on the Mavic 3 compared to Mini 2? | With the new Wi-Fi 6 protocol, data transmission is even faster, with the download speed reaching up to 80MB/s. In addition, compared to DJI Mini 2, the Mavic 3 automatically selects the fastest transmission mode based on the current wireless environment without switching to Wi-Fi mode manually, making it easier to use. |
| How do I use the DJI 65W Portable Charger? | DJI 65W Portable Charger comes with a 65W USB-C cable to charge Mavic 3’s battery. With another USB-A port and a USB-C data cable included in the package, it can also charge the remote controller at the same time. It is recommended to use a standard USB-C cable to charge the Mavic 3 intelligent flight battery. |
| How long does it take to fully charge a DJI Mavic 3 Intelligent Flight Battery? | Approximately 96 minutes when using the DJI 65W Portable Charger. |
| What are the highlights of the DJI Convertible Carrying Bag? | The well-designed DJI Convertible Carrying Bag can be converted between a shoulder bag and backpack to suit users’ portability needs. 1. Shoulder bag configuration: provides enough space for all accessories included in DJI Mavic 3 standard version combo or the DJI Mavic 3 Cine Premium Combo, offering a more convenient shape to put items in or take them out. 2. Backpack configuration: in addition to the Mavic 3 and its accessories, the backpack form also provides enough space for a 16-inch laptop and a few other articles of daily use, making it perfect for short trips. |
| Can I use other chargers with USB-C ports to charge the Mavic 3 battery? | Yes. However, to ensure charging efficiency, we still recommend you use the DJI 65W Portable Charger. Other chargers at 60W or above supporting PPS/PD protocol are also recommended. |
| Can I charge Mavic 3 directly through the built-in USB-C port of the aircraft body? | Yes. |
MAVIC 3 SPECIFICATIONS:
| Takeoff Weight | 900 g |
| Dimensions (Folded/Unfolded) | Folded (without propellers) 221×96.3×90.3 mm (Length×Width×Height) Unfolded (without propellers) 347.5×283×107.7 mm (Length×Width×Height) |
| Wheelbase | Diagonal: 380.1 mm |
| Max Ascent Speed | 1 m/s (C mode) 6 m/s (N mode) 8 m/s (S mode) |
| Max Descent Speed | 1 m/s (C mode) 6 m/s (N mode) 6 m/s (S mode) |
| Max Flight Speed (at sea level, no wind) | 5 m/s (C mode) 16 m/s (N mode) 21 m/s (S mode) |
| Max Service Ceiling Above Sea Level | 6000 m |
| Max Flight Time (no wind) | 46 minutes |
| Max Hovering Time (no wind) | 40 minutes |
| Max Flight Distance | 30 km |
| Max Wind Speed Resistance | 12 m/s |
| Max Tilt Angle | 25° (C mode) 30° (N mode) 35° (S mode) |
| Max Angular Velocity | 200°/s |
| Operating Temperature | -10° to 40° C (14° to 104° F) |
| GNSS | GPS + Galileo + BeiDou |
| Hovering Accuracy Range | Vertical: ±0.1 m (with Vision Positioning); ±0.5 m (with GNSS Positioning) Horizontal: ±0.3 m (with Vision Positioning); ±0.5 m (with High Precision Positioning System) |
| Internal Storage | Mavic 3: 8 GB (available space is approx. 7.2 GB) Mavic 3 Cine: 1TB (available space is approx. 934.8 GB) |
| Sensor | 4/3 CMOS, Effective pixels: 20 MP |
| Lens | FOV: 84° Format Equivalent: 24 mm Aperture: f/2.8 to f/11 Focus: 1 m to ∞ (with Autofocus) |
| ISO Range | Video: 100-6400 Still Image: 100-6400 |
| Shutter Speed | Electronic Shutter: 8-1/8000 s |
| Max Image Size | Main Unit: 5280×3956 |
| Still Photography Modes | Single shot: 20MP Photos Automatic Exposure Bracketing (AEB): 20 MP, 3/5 bracketed frames at 0.7 EV Timed: 20 MP, 2/3/5/7/10/15/20/30/60s |
| Video Resolution | Apple ProRes 422 HQ 5.1K: 5120×2700@24/25/30/48/50fps DCI 4K: 4096×2160@24/25/30/48/50/60/120*fps 4K: 3840×2160@24/25/30/48/50/60/120*fps H.264/H.265 * Frame rates above are recording frame rates. Videos will be played as slow-motion videos. |
| Max Video Bitrate | H.264/H.265 Bitrate: H.264 Max 200Mbps, H.265 Max 140Mbps |
| Supported File Formats | exFAT |
| Photo Format | JPEG/DNG (RAW) |
| Video Formats | Mavic 3: MP4/MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265) Mavic 3 Cine: |
| Sensor | 1/2″ CMOS, |
| Lens | FOV: 15° Format Equivalent: 162 mm Aperture: f/4.4 Focus: 3 meters to ∞ |
| ISO Range | Video: 100-6400 Still Image: 100-6400 |
| Shutter Speed | Electronic Shutter: 2-1/8000 s |
| Max Image Size | 4000×3000 |
| Photo Format | JPEG |
| Video Formats | MP4/MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264, HEVC/H.265) |
| Still Photography Modes | Single shot: 12MP Photos |
| Video Resolution | H264/H.265 4K: 3840×2160@30 FHD: 1920×1080@30 |
| Digital Zoom | 4 times |
| Stabilization | 3-axis mechanical (tilt, roll, pan) |
| Mechanical Range | Tilt: -135° to 100° Roll: -45° to 45° Pan: -27° to 27° |
| Controllable Range | Tilt: -90° to 35° Pan: -5° to 5° |
| Max Control Speed (tilt) | 100°/s |
| Angular Vibration Range | ±0.007° |
| Sensing System | Omnidirectional binocular vision system, supplemented with an infrared sensor at the bottom of the aircraft |
| Forward Vision System: | Measurement Range: 0.5-20 m Detection Range: 0.5-200 m Effective Sensing Speed: Flight Speed ≤ 16m/s FOV: Horizontal 90°, Vertical 103° |
| Backward | Measurement Range: 0.5-16 m Effective Sensing Speed: Flight Speed ≤ 14m/s FOV: Horizontal 90°, Vertical 103° |
| Lateral Sensing System | Measurement Range: 0.5-25 m Effective Sensing Speed: Flight Speed ≤ 16m/s FOV: Horizontal 90°, Vertical 85° |
| Upward: | Measurement Range: 0.2-10 m Effective Sensing Speed: Flight Speed ≤ 6 m/s FOV: Front and Back 100°, Left and Right 90° |
| Downward Vision System: | Measurement Range: 0.3-18 m Effective Sensing Speed: Flight Speed ≤ 6 m/s FOV: Front and Back 130°, Left and Right 160° |
| Operating Environment | Forward, Backward, Left, Right, and Upward: Surface with a clear pattern and adequate lighting (lux>15) Downward: Surface with a clear pattern and adequate lighting (lux >15). Diffuse reflective surface with diffuse reflectivity>20% (e.g. wall, tree, person) |
| Video Transmission System | O3+ |
| Live View Quality | Remote Controller: 1080p@30fps/1080p@60fps |
| Operation Frequency | 2.400-2.4835 GHz 5.725-5.850 GHz |
| Max Transmission Distance (unobstructed, free of interference and aligned with controller) | FCC: 15 km CE: 8 km SRRC: 8 km MIC: 8 km |
| Max Download Bitrate | SDR: 5.5MB/s (with RC-N1 remote controller) 15MB/s (with DJI RC Pro remote controller) Wi-Fi 6: 80MB/s |
| Latency (depending on environmental conditions and mobile device) | 130 ms (with RC-N1 remote controller) 120 ms (with DJI RC Pro remote controller) |
| Antennas | 4 antennas, 2T4R |
| Transmitter Power (EIRP) | 2.4 GHz: ≤33 dBm (FCC); ≤20 dBm (CE/SRRC/MIC) 5.8 GHz: ≤33 dBm (FCC), ≤30 dBm(SRRC), ≤14 dBm(CE) |
| Capacity | 5000 mAh |
| Voltage | 15.4 V |
| Charging Voltage Limit | 17.6 V |
| Battery Type | LiPo 4S |
| Energy | 77 Wh |
| Weight | 335.5 g |
| Charging Temperature | 5° to 40° C (41° to 104° F) |
| Input | 100-240 V AC, 47-63 Hz, 2.0 A |
| USB-C Output | USB-C: 5.0 V⎓5.0 A/9.0⎓5.0 A/12.0 V⎓5.0 A/15.0 V⎓4.3 A/20.0 V⎓3.25 A/5.0~20.0 V⎓3.25 A |
| USB-A output | USB-A: 5 V⎓2 A |
| Rated Power | 65 W |
| Input | USB-C: 5-20 V⎓5.0 A max |
| Output | Battery: 12-17.6 V⎓5.0 A max |
| Rated Power | 65 W |
| Charging Type | Charges three batteries in sequence |
| Charging Temperature Range | 5° to 40° C (41° to 104° F) |
| Input | Car Power Input: 12.7-16 V⎓6.5 A, rated voltage 14 V DC |
| Output | USB-C: 5.0 V⎓5.0 A/9.0⎓5.0 A/12.0 V⎓5.0 A/15.0 V⎓4.3A/20.0 V⎓3.25 A/5.0~20.0 V⎓3.25 A USB-A: 5 V⎓2 A |
| Rated Power | 65 W |
| Charging Time | Approx. 96 minutes |
| Charging Temperature Range | 5° to 40° C (41° to 104° F) |
| Supported SD Cards | SDXC or UHS-I microSD card with a capacity of up to 2 TB (theoretically) |
| Recommended microSD Cards | SanDisk Extreme PRO 64GB V30 A2 microSDXC SanDisk High Endurance 64GB V30 microSDXC SanDisk Extreme 128GB V30 A2 microSDXC SanDisk Extreme 256GB V30 A2 microSDXC SanDisk Extreme 512GB V30 A2 microSDXC Lexar 667x 64GB V30 A2 microSDXC Lexar High-Endurance 64GB V30 microSDXC Lexar High-Endurance 128GB V30 microSDXC Lexar 667x 256GB V30 A2 microSDXC Lexar 512GB V30 A2 microSDXC Samsung EVO 64GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 128GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 256GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 512GB V30 microSDXC Kingston 128GB V30 microSDXC |
| SSD Specs | Capacity: 1 TB Max Read Speed: 700MB/s* Max Write Speed: 471MB/s* * Data refers to the read and write speed inside the aircraft. Actual read and write speed of computer and other external devices may affect actual speed. |
| Remote Controller Transmission System | OcuSync 2.0 |
| Battery Life | Without charging any mobile device: 6 hr; when charging mobile device: 4 hr |
| Supported USB Port Types | Lightning, Micro USB, USB-C |
| Max Supported Mobile Device Size | 180×86×10 mm (Length×Width×Height) |
| Operating Temperature | 0° to 40° C (32° to 104° F) |
| Transmitter Power (EIRP) | 2.4 GHz: ≤26 dBm (FCC), ≤20 dBm (CE/SRRC/MIC) 5.8 GHz: ≤26 dBm (FCC/SRRC), ≤14 dBm (CE) |
DJI RC PRO SPECIFICATIONS (REMOTE CONTROL):
| Video Transmission System | O3+ |
| Max Transmission Distance (unobstructed, free of interference) | 15 km (FCC)<br>8 km (CE/SRRC/MIC) |
| Operating Frequency [1] | 2.400-2.4835 GHz<br>5.725-5.850 GHz |
| Antennas | 4 Antennas, 2T4R |
| Transmitter Power (EIRP) | 2.4 GHz: ≤33 dBm (FCC); ≤20 dBm (CE/SRRC/MIC)<br>5.8 GHz: ≤33 dBm (FCC); ≤14 dBm (CE); ≤23 dBm (SRRC) |
| Protocol | 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax Support 2×2 MIMO Wi-Fi |
| Operating Frequency [1] | 2.400GHz-2.4835 GHz; 5.725-5.850 GHz |
| Transmitter Power (EIRP) | 2.4 GHz: ≤26 dBm (FCC); ≤20 dBm (CE/SRRC/MIC)<br>5.8 GHz: ≤26 dBm (FCC/SRRC); ≤14 dBm (CE) |
| Protocol | Bluetooth 5.1 |
| Operating Frequency | 2.400-2.4835 GHz |
| Transmitter Power (EIRP) | ≤8 dbm |
| Resolution | 1920×1080 |
| Dimensions | 5.5 inches |
| Frame Rate | 60 fps |
| Brightness | 1000 nits |
| Touch Control | 10-point multi-touch |
| Battery | Li-ion (5000 mAh @ 7.2 V) |
| Charging Type | Recommended to be charged with USB charger at 12 V or 15 V |
| Rated Power | 12 W |
| Storage Capacity | 32GB internal + expandable storage via microSD card |
| Charging Time | 2 hours (with USB charger at 12 V)<br>1.5 hours (with USB charger at 15 V) |
| Operating Time | 3 hours |
| Video Output Port | Mini-HDMI port |
| Operating Temperature | -10° to 40°C (14° to 104° F) |
| Storage Temperature Range | Less than one month: -30° to 60° C (-22° to 140° F) <br>One to three months: -30° to 45° C (-22° to 113° F) <br>Three to six months: -30° to 35° C (-22° to 95° F) <br>More than six months: -30° to 25° C (-22° to 77° F) |
| Charging Temperature | 5° to 40° C (41° to 104° F) |
| Supported Aircraft Models [2] | DJI Mavic 3 |
| GNSS | GPS + Galileo + GLONASS |
| Dimensions | 183.27×137.41×47.6 mm (antennas folded, controllers not mounted)<br>183.27 x 203.35 x 59.84 mm (antennas unfolded, controllers mounted) |
| Weight | Approx. 680 g |
| Model | RM510 |
| Supported SD Cards | SanDisk Extreme PRO 64GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>SanDisk High Endurance 64GB V30 microSDXC<br>SanDisk Extreme 128GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>SanDisk Extreme 256GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>SanDisk Extreme 512GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>Lexar 667x 64GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>Lexar High-Endurance 64GB V30 microSDXC<br>Lexar High-Endurance 128GB V30 microSDXC<br>Lexar 667x 256GB V30 A2 microSDXC<br>Lexar 512GB V30 A2 microSDXC Samsung EVO 64GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 128GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 256GB V30 microSDXC Samsung EVO Plus 512GB V30 microSDXC Kingston 128GB V30 microSDXC |
| FOOTNOTE 1 | 1. 5.8 GHz is unavailable in some countries due to local regulations. |
| FOOTNOTE 2 | 2. DJI RC Pro will support more DJI aircraft in future. Visit the official website for the latest information. |
Notes:
* Tested with a production model DJI Mavic 3 in a closed environment in favorable conditions and an unobstructed wireless signal. Actual results may vary depending on environment, usage, and firmware version.
** All videos and photos on this page were taken in strict compliance with local laws and regulations.
- DJI Mavic 3 Cine supports Apple ProRes 422 HQ and H.264/H.265 encoding, while DJI Mavic 3 only supports H.264/H.265 encoding.
- Unobstructed, free of interference, and when FCC-compliant. Maximum flight range specification is a proxy for radio link strength and resilience. Always follow local rules and regulations and fly your drone within your visual line of sight unless otherwise permitted.
